Patent And Trade Secret Protection - 1198 Words

When issuing a compulsory license, the effect is to exempt the user who produces the patented substance or uses technology from liability of infringement. If a patentee applies for a patent for a newly discovered or an alienated substance, or a synergy of entities, she is not required to disclose the â€Å"know-how† to the public. Therefore, she can retain the information undisclosed as trade secrets. Ordinarily, companies use patent and trade secret protection together in a synergistic manner to enhance exclusivity as a common strategy. As a result, if the user of a compulsory license does not comprehend the know-how, then the production of the final product would eventually come to naught. Under the situation of a†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, arbitrariness is inevitable due to analytical difficulties faced by examiners and courts. Without setting up a utility model, examiners and courts are plagued by hindsight bias in the U.S., let alone to say having a sub -requirement as such. Section 3(d) of the IPA is also designed to narrow the scope of patent protection, notwithstanding it has a definite goal — preventing evergreening. Section 3(d) also utilizes an explanatory note to delimitate special conditions of nowadays pharmaceutical practices. This thesis considers an explanatory note is a workable solution to comply with the non-discrimination obligation under article 27.1 of the TRIPS. 2. The Capability of the Patent Office The Indian Patent Office (IPO) has full authority under law to determine what is patentable and what should be excluded from patentability if the condition set in section 3(d) is met. Owing to no patents granted to pharmaceutical substances before the amendments coming into effect, the Indian Patent Office received 8,926 mailbox applications prior to January 1, 2005. For the blank period of no protection for nearly 35 years, the capability of the IPO examiners to review and evaluate efficacy data was inShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Australian Patent Procedure1414 Words   |  6 PagesAustralian Patent Procedure Patenting a product will take a lot of time, effort and resources but by patenting your invention, it will give you long-term protection and control over your invention and would be able to gain beneficial economic value in return as well as monopolize your invention on the selected market. Standard patent will protect your invention up to 20 years from the date you complete your application. Provisional Before you can commercialize your product there will be certainRead MoreIntellectual Property And The Copyright Act Of 19761688 Words   |  7 Pagescompetitive advantage and attracts the attention of other business partners and investors (Lee, 2016). With such importance, it is necessary for the law to protect these ideas from being used by unauthorized individuals. To shield from this, trade secrets, patents, and copyrights are used to protect the ownership of intellectual property (Legal Information Institute). A copyright gives the originator of literary, artistic, or music works the right to perform, publish, record, or print them. This canRead MoreChinese Foreign Trade Relations : Intellectual Property Enforcement Context1164 Words   |  5 PagesImproving Chinese Foreign Trade Relations: Intellectual Property Enforcement Context I. Introduction American businesses are losing up to an estimated $60 billion each year in the global market from intellectual property violations. The problem continues to grow as more American companies invest overseas, and more products consist of intangible or intellectual property. American companies face more than just economic challenges: if losses of intellectual property rights continue to go uncheckedRead MorePatents And The Patent Act Of 19521224 Words   |  5 PagesPatents Patents are government-granted, temporary rights to exclude, awarded in return for an individual’s disclosure of a new useful invention. Patents are granted by the USPTO and last for nonrenewable term of 20 years (Ferrera et al, 2012). Patents grant exclusive rights to exclude others from engaging in making, using, selling of patent products (O reilly, 2007). Online businesses must be aware of other’s patent rights even if they do not copy other companies’ business methods or technologiesRead MoreIntellectual Property And Technology : The Real World : Legal Matters Sweet As Candy1071 Words   |  5 Pagesunder seize by his competitors, specifically Mr. Slugworth, Mr. Fickelgruber, and Mr. Prodnose. Wonka went to extreme measures to ensure his trade secrets, creations, and technologies were kept safe from his competitors. The amount of effort put into protecting his secrets was incredibly overworked. The challenges Willy Wonka faced in protecting his secrets are literary example of the real world obstacles inventors face with their creations. In today’s technological society, many inventors contributingRead MoreIntellectual Property Protection and Enforcement Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped through an intellectual and creative processes. Intellectual property falls under the category of property known as intangible rights, which includes patents (inventions of processes, machines, manufactures, and compositions of matter), copyrights (original artistic and literary works of), trademarks (commercial symbols), and trade secrets ((product formulas, patterns, designs). Intellectual property rights has a significant value to both individuals and businesses, providing in the case of largeRead MoreEssay On Patent Systems1342 Words   |  6 PagesRegulations (ACE 592) Juhi Tomar 1. Patent systems allows inventors all around the world to file and claim some form of intellectual property as their invention which gives them exclusive rights to make use of this property for a certain period of time (usually 20 years), after which it is available for public use. The inventor must release all details regarding the invention which are needed to utilize the property by experts/professionals in the field. The patent system gives rise to many economicRead MoreThe And The Industrial Revolutions1305 Words   |  6 Pagesintellectual property? Intellectual property or IP for short is creations of the mind, such as; inventions, literary and artistic works, designs and symbols, names and images used in commerce. Among these IP also includes trade secrets, patents, copyrights, and trademarks. IP and its protection are detrimental to the success of the economy. IPs are the innovations that drive the market forward and they are what created eras like the renaissance and the industrial revolutions. But nowadays it is a lot easierRead More Intellectual Property Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesproperty law include: patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret. Intellectual Property can be categorized under the following: Monopoly Right to prevent copying De Facto Monopoly Contractual Patents Unregistered Trade Marks Trade Secrets Confidential Information Registered Trade Marks Unregistered Designs Know-How Registered Design Copyright This essay focuses on Patents, Registered Designs, Unregistered Design Right and trademarks. A patent is needed to increaseRead MoreYou And Your Assistant Igor Have Just Created Frankenstein1419 Words   |  6 Pagesincluding reasons for selecting your choices and not selecting others. If I were to select an intellectual property protection for Frankenstein in order to protect it as valuable corporate asset, I would carefully analyze the costs and benefits of each form of protection and decide what type of intellectual property protection I want for my creation. I would like to file for a patent application with the government since it allows exclusive rights to the invention. It is a novel invention involving

Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck - 862 Words

Picking up the book â€Å"Of Mice and Men† by John Steinbeck holds a different feel then putting it down. Leaving the reader pondering the true theme of the story. A tale among two friends is the mindset most would assume before reading the book but digging deeper you start to realize the dark truth. The story starts with both Lenny who’s large and unaware of his own true strength and George who’s skinny and quick witted. The tale takes both characters and presents them with challenges. Lennie has a mild mental disability which often leads both of them into a lot of trouble. While George must take care of Lennie and always get him out of trouble. Two characters who travel together would be envisioned to be best pals but what awaits them is a rude awakening, George says â€Å"Lennie just come along with me out workin . Got kinda used to each other after a little while† (Steinbeck 3.12). However the story dives deeper than just Lennie and George after leaving a town called Weeds because Lennie was accused of rape. The two were forced to run away which lead them to a ranch where they meet a character named Candy. Candy is an old aging handyman who lost his hand due to an accident. The life on a farm is hard and it is represented through Candy, he says â€Å"A guy on a ranch don t never listen nor he don t ask no questions (Steinbeck 2.67). The isolation he is put through often makes him feel hopeless. The only hopes Candy had was in his dog and in the dreams of getting paradise withShow MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck973 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: I. Background A. John Steinbeck was born on February 27th, 1902 in Salinas, California. 1. Salinas River was one of the few centers for shipping, farming, and agriculture a. John Steinbeck worked as an employed laborer, digging canals and working beside men similar to characters in his novels. 2. In a discussion John Steinbeck said, I worked in the same country that the story is laid in. The characters are composites to a certain extent. Lennie was a real person. Hes in an insaneRead MoreOf Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck842 Words   |  4 Pages it was not uncommon to become morosely secluded while working. Men would go far away from their families in search of any jobs they could get, with only themselves to confide in; colleagues only filling in the void of friends and family partially. Naturally, John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men, written during this period, would reflect this fact as a major aspect of the story. Loneliness would become the sinew of Of Mice and Men, manifested in some of the story’s main characters: Candy, CrooksRead MoreOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthis expression to stress the fact that there are and will be difficulties in life. John Steinbeck, in his novella Of Mice and Men, does not fall short of the same views. It takes place in the year 1937, a period associated with the Great Depression, and illustrates the hardships of the time, and more so those that laborers such as George and Lennie experience. Life proves to be full of disappointments for both men who are victims of harsh circumstances in more ways than one. The two have a dreamRead MoreThe And Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1549 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will be exploring the role of women in the texts ‘DNA’ by Dennis Kelly and ‘Of Mice and Men’ by John Steinbeck. Both texts are quite dissimilar for the most part, with ‘DNA’ being a contemporary play, dealing with problems faced by modern youth groups and ‘Of Mice and Men’ being a classic novella. Set in the 1930’s, the novella tells a story of two migrant workers who flee to Salinas, California, for work. In spite of this, both explore the presentation of female characters similarlyRead MoreOf Mi ce And Men By John Steinbeck894 Words   |  4 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay John Steinbeck once said, â€Å"A journey is a person in itself; no two are alike. And all plans, safeguards, policing, and coercion are fruitless. We find that after years of struggle that we do not take a trip; a trip takes us†. In his novella, Of Mice and Men, two men go on an unexpected journey in search for their dream of happiness. There are many themes that come from their journey such as, the gilded American dream, the bond of male friendships, the power of women and femininityRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1433 Words   |  6 PagesI am writing a literary essay on the novella, Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. I will be responding to the question describe an important character and explain how the character helped you understand an important message. In the novella, Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, two characters, Crooks and Curley’s wife, help me understand the message ‘Discrimination isolates people’. The book takes place in Soledad, California, mid 1930’s, during the Great Depression, at a time when discriminationRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1747 Words   |  7 Pages Of Mice and Men is a tragedy And The Pearl is a parable. Author s Name John Steinbeck -Title of Work #1: Of Mice and Men -Genre: Tragedy -Evidence of Genre (explain what makes the work an example of the genre): Tragedy is a branch of literature that uses a serious and dignified style the sad or unfortunate events encountered or caused by a heroic individual. In Of Mice and Men George and Lennie face a lot of tragic events. -Complete Summary of Work: Of Mice and Men is theRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1354 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel ‘Of Mice and Men’, written by John Steinbeck, is set near the Salinas River in California, America during the Great Depression between 1930-1939. The Great Depression was a distressing time in the history of America as the unemployment rate was high which in turn led to poverty and hunger. During this time, many struggled to find work and this steered them to travel long distances, often without having anyone to talk to. Dreams were crafted by this travelling workforce and were somethingRead MoreMice Of Men By John Steinbeck785 Words   |  4 Pages It was an hopeless time period. For George in steinbeck s book mice of men by John Steinbeck,it was the great depression.This was a time period of a deep and dark economic downturn that affected the whole country. While the story focuses on George and Lennie s struggles through this hopeless time.They were best buds that got along great. They went to farm to farm as migrant works to get there pay. George had to take care of Lennie throughout the book and pick up the pieces, but lennie was a kindRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1400 Words   |  6 PagesOf Mice and Men, it is not just a band! Of Mice and Men was originally a short novel written by John Steinbeck in the 1930s. Regardless of the shortness in length, though, it is a rather deep and emotional book with quite a few messages behind the fictional storyline. These messages, however, cannot be discovered right off the bat. To genuinely absorb the messages Steinbeck teaches and actually understand the meaning behind them, one must read the book in its entirety. Steinbeck educates readers

Vietnam War Analysis Essay Example For Students

Vietnam War Analysis Essay To many, the Vietnam War symbolizes controversy, myth and question in America. There are many events that made Americans wonder what reasons we had for puttingour troops and families in Vietnam. Up till that point, many other Americans hadnever questioned the acts of the American government and armed forces. Issuesdealt with in the Vietnam War showed great impact on the American people,particularly the students. American involvement started off very low key. Twomarine battalions landed in Da Nang on March 8, 1965 (Doyle, Lipsman). They werenot fighting a war yet, though a war was going on in the very country that theywere in. Their job was to merely protect an air field in Da Nang, not look fortrouble or initiate any kind of war tactics. But soon, holding off the enemy wasnot so easy for the American soldiers, and more troops were sent in. Thiscontinued on, and when May rolled around there were 46,000 American Troops inVietnam (Doyle, Lipsman). It was at this time when American troops were thengiven the permit to use more active defense, and soon after, thenumb er soared to 82,000 American troops in Vietnam (Doyle, Lipsman). From there,the American defense quickly turned into an offense, and transportation flightsturned in to rescue missions. This was about the time that Americans at homebegan to become worried that the war in Vietnam was getting out of hand. Smallprotests broke out amongst college students across America, but these began tobecome very serious. On April 17, 1965 The Students for a Democratic Societyorganized a national protest on the steps of the capitol in Washington D.C. (Doyle, Lipsman). Television coverage enraged people by misleading facts anddisturbing war images of troops killing women and children. Frustration inAmerica grew and riots and protests got out of hand as no questions seemed to beanswered. Students protested and gathered, building rage against the warspurring events like the Kent State Massacre. The Kent State Massacre is namedafter a calm protest uprooted when guards killed and wounded students by openingfire on a mass of students as they gathered on the Kent State campus (Encarta). Events such as the Kent State Massacre enraged Americans more than ever causingviolent riots and outbreaks. Meanwhile, Americas position in Vietnam worsened. More and more were sent, and more and more troops were killed. Americas greatoffense was tattering down and guerrilla warfare on unfamiliar terrain hamperedsoldier performance. The war then quickly switched over and put more weight onair attacks and bomb raids. Helicopters became Americas best friend as theywere a brand new invention that had not previously seen much use. The helicoptermade landing and exiting in rough terrain easier than any other method seenbefore by the United States military. Other weaponry made its debut in theVietnam War. Spurred from the second world war, where tanks were introduced, theanti-tank missile launcher was a key weapon for all countries to develop. TheVietnam War was the first war that the anti-tank missile launcher waseffectively used. Standard guns also were changing; they become lighter inweight, more accurate, and able to function better with less maintenance andmalfunction. All of these new, and newly perfected, weapons made the Vietnam Waran u nfamiliar territory for everybody as the death toll soared through the roof. More troops were sent, more black troops. Racism raced through the veins of manywhite Americans at this time, and blacks still felt discriminated against by thegovernment and the people of America. All of this as more black troops werebeing put on the battle front to fight. Black gangs erupted and dodged thedraft, became violent, and held to one another very closely. This was the firstsign of gangs in America, as we see gangs today. Many black Americans did notunderstand why they were being force to fight and die for a country that hatedthem. They felt as if they were being sent in place of whites, but in fact only12.5% of all troops in Vietnam were black, and it was merle stretched facts andmedia influence that caused the black eruptions in America (Westmoreland, VHFCN). Basics of Genetics and Genetic Engineering EssayCohen, Steven. Anthology and guide to a television history. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, inc., 1983 Doyle, Edward, and Samual Lipsman. America Takes Over-TheVietnam Experience. Boston, MA: Boston Publishing Company, 1982. MicrosoftEncarta Complete Interactive Multimedia Encyclopedia. Computer software. Microsoft, 1995. CD-ROM. Vietnam Helicopter Flight Crew Network. www.vhfcn.org. 2000. Westmoreland, General William C. Address. Third Annual Reunion of theVietnam Helicopter Pilots Association. Washington D.C., 5 July 1986. McCaffrey,Lieutenant General Barry R. Address. Memorial Day. Washington D.C. May 1993. Houk, Dr. Address. Hearing before the Committee on Veterans Affairs UnitesStates Senate one hundredth Congress second session. 14 July 1988.

The Odysseus The Theme Of Love Essays - Greek Mythology, Mythology

The Odysseus: The Theme of Love There are many essential emotions that form the building blocks of our lives. These emotions help to shape the people that we are. These feelings are emotional necessities to ultimately keep us happy. Nothing makes these feelings more evident than the Odyssey by Homer. Through out the course of this book there is one major emotional theme which is love. Often times in life we search for a companion, someone to share our love and life with. Odysseus and Penelope's lasting relationship is an obvious representation of love in the Odyssey. Although Odysseus is gone for twenty years he never forgets his faithful wife in Ithaca. This love almost seems to help him persevere through the many hardships that he encounters on his journey home. On the other hand, Penelope also exemplifies this same kind of love for Odysseus. At home in Ithaca, she stays loyal to Odysseus by unraveling his shroud and delaying her marriage to the suitors that are courting her. She always keeps the hope that her love, Odysseus, will return. Odysseus and Penelope's marriage clearly illustrates the theme of love. There are also many other bonds formed in life that show great love and guidance. One of the most emphasized in the Odyssey is the father - son relationship. These relationships clearly support the issue of love in the Odyssey. The father - son relationship between Odysseus and Telemachos is a little awkward because they both never really got to know each other but they still care for each other's well being. When Odysseus hears of all the suitors devouring Telemachos's future fortune and mistreating him, he wants to return and revenge the misuse of his family and property. Odysseus, like any parent, also misses his only child while he is at war. Telemachos on the contrary also displays a lot of love for his father. Telemachos leaves Ithaca, inexperienced, to find any knowledge of his father in hope that he is still alive. Telemachos through out most of his life has lacked a father figure and desperately needs that special help and guidance from Odysseus as he becomes a man. Their relationship seems to show how love can give you the strength to carry on. The other important father - son relationship in the Odyssey that exhibits love is the one between Odysseus and Laertes. Odysseus, when he returns, wishes to go see his father. When he confronts his father and tries to hide his identity, he is unable to finish his story because of the great sorrow in his father's eyes. This shows how much he loves his father and what great suffering he caused him. This anguish that Laertes exhibits also shows how much love he has for his son. Since Odysseus was assumed to be dead, it almost sent Laertes into a kind of depression. When Odysseus returned it gave Laetes an overwhelming happiness. This is a case where love seems to be the cure for pain and grief. Love is major emotional theme and it is seen often in the Odyssey. Even though love comes and goes it still plays and important role in everyone's lives. It is not hard to see how happiness relies on love. It definitely shapes who we are and what we do with our lives.